An iceberg forms when a large chunk of ice calves, or breaks off, from a glacier and falls into the sea. The word comes from the dutch ijsberg, ice hill.
Icebergs are formed of freshwater, not saltwater. The water in icebergs is so pure that chunks of icebergs were removed and melted, and the resulting water is used in cooking and brewing.
In the Northern hemisphere, most icebergs originate from glaciers on Greenland and often drift southward into the North Atlantic Ocean. In the southern hemisphere, glaciers frequently calve from glaciers in Antarctica.
As little as one-tenth of a glacier is visible above the water- a phenomenon that inspired the familiar phrase "That's just the tip of an iceberg". Sharp ice on the hidden parts of an iceberg poses a threat to ships such as the historic cruise liner TITANIC, whose hull was pierced by underwater ice in 1912, resulting in the swift sinking of the ship and the tragic death of more than 1,500 people.
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