DECIDUOUS OR EVERGREEN ???

Deciduous shrubs and trees lose their leaves for part of the year, usually in the fall, followed by a dormant period in which biological processes rest except for limited root growth. Prior to leaf drop, many species of trees and shrubs exhibit fall colour.

Some examples of deciduous shrubs include viburnum, hydrangea and forsythia.

Evergreen shrubs and trees hold their leaves or needles through the year. They do not lose more or less continuously, although not noticeably. In temperate climates, evergreen grows at a slower rate and photosynthesis at a slower pace during winter than summer.

Most of the coniferes- pines, source, hemlock, and fir- are evergreen, although two conifer species- larch and bald cypress are deciduous.

WHAT IS PERMAFROST??

 

Permafrost, despite its name, is not always frozen. Soil composition, the presence of salt, and other factors can keep some of the ground from actually freezing even as the temperature remains below the freezing point.

across much of Alaska former Canada coma Russia and Antarctica the ground is, in fact, frozen year-round however two depth of as much as 5,000 feet.

a relative Lee theme active layer near the top may be subject to a yearly freeze for thaw cycle, allowing ground vegetation to survive.

as the planet warms the effect of a male meltdown is Verma frost areas is a subject of debate. Some have speculated, for example, that a widespread Thaw would release massive amounts of greenhouse gases now trapped in the permafrost into the atmosphere, for the warming the planet.

THE VALUE OF CHOCOLATE

 For the ancient cultures of the Americas, chocolate or cocoa was sacred plants. Its use began with the Olmecs around 1200BC and continued with Maya and Aztec. The Aztec restricted drinks made from cocoa seed to ceremonial use and consumption by high ranking adult males- priests, government officials and warriors.

Mesoamericans recognised the general properties of cocoa and used it to treat intestinal complaints to calm the nerves, and as a stimulant. Mixed with maize and other herbs, cocoa treated fever, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations. Cocoa flowers when ingested to treat fatigue; cocoa butter, the creamy fat in the beans, soothed burns, irritated skin and chapped lips. European explorers brought Cocoa and chocolate to Western cultures, where it became very popular as a delicacy and as a medical plant. Its assigned scientific genus name Theobroma means "food of the gods".

Today studies show that cocoa seeds contain more than 300 different chemical compounds. These include the stimulant caffeine as well as theobromine an alkaloid that has a calming effect on the brain and an energizing effect on the nervous system. Cocoa also contains compounds that tend to reduce depression and may induce a slight sense of euphoria as well as power powerful antioxidant compounds that may help protect against cancer and heart diseases. Some medical professionals even recommended a daily dose of about an ounce and a half of dark chocolate for its cardiovascular benefits.

JANTAR MANTAR

 The Jantar Mantar is an equinoctial sundial, consisting of a gigantic triangular gnomon with the hypotenuse parallel to the Earth's axis. On either side of the gnomon is a quadrant of a circle, parallel to the plane of the equator. The instrument is intended to measure the time of day, correct to half a second and declination of the Sun and the other heavenly bodies.

There were five Jantar Mantar in India, of which the largest is in Jaipur which features many instruments along with the world's largest stone sundial.^[1] At present only four Jantar Mantar exist, the Jantar Mantar at Mathura was torn down just before Revolt of 1857. The Vrihat Samrat yantra is a sundial that can give the local time to an accuracy of 2 seconds. It is a UNESCO.

In the early 18th century, Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur constructed five Jantar Mantar in total, in New Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura and Varanasi; they were completed between 1724 and 1735.

The Jantar have like Samrat Yantra, Jai Prakash, Ram Yantra and Niyati Chakra; each of which is used to for various astronomical calculations. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.^[3]

List Of Instruments:

• Samrat Yantra
• Jai Prakash Yantra
• Disha Yantra
• Rama Yantra
• Chakra Yantra
• Rashiwalya Yantra
• Dingash Yantra
• Utaansh Yantra

The name "Jantar Mantar" is at least 200 years old, finding a mention in an account from 1803.^[4] However, the archives of Jaipur State, such as accounts from 1735 and 1737–1738, do not use this as Jantra, which in the spoken language is corrupted to Jantar.^[4] The word Jantra is derived from yantra, instrument, while the suffix Mantar is derived from mantrana meaning consult or calculate.^[4] The words Jantar and mantar (or yantra and mantra) mean calculation instrument

WHAT IS AN ICEBERG

       

An iceberg forms when a large chunk of ice calves, or breaks off, from a glacier and falls into the sea. The word comes from the dutch ijsberg, ice hill.

Icebergs are formed of freshwater, not saltwater. The water in icebergs is so pure that chunks of icebergs were removed and melted, and the resulting water is used in cooking and brewing.

In the Northern hemisphere, most icebergs originate from glaciers on Greenland and often drift southward into the North Atlantic Ocean. In the southern hemisphere, glaciers frequently calve from glaciers in Antarctica.

As little as one-tenth of a glacier is visible above the water- a phenomenon that inspired the familiar phrase "That's just the tip of an iceberg". Sharp ice on the hidden parts of an iceberg poses a threat to ships such as the historic cruise liner TITANIC, whose hull was pierced by underwater ice in 1912, resulting in the swift sinking of the ship and the tragic death of more than 1,500 people.

 WHAT IS AN ARMILLARY SPHERE

An ARMILLARY SPHERE is a globe made of movable, concentric rings that depict such things as the horizon, meridian, equator, tropics, and polar circles. The earliest known complete armillary is attributed to the greeks in the early second century A.D. Ptolemy created one to promote his geocentric vision of the cosmos. In 1543, German mathematician CASPER VOGEL constructed an armillary sphere that supported Ptolemy's theory. In the same year, Copernicus published his revolutionary treatise placing the sun at the centre of the solar system.

   Afterwards, Ptolemaic and Copernican spheres were exhibited together to display the differences between the two versions of the cosmos.